Americans are losing faith in AI. The Chinese are not. Here's the scoreboard.
The founding paper of the tracker. U.S. AI media sentiment is normalizing while Chinese AI media is ascendant — and U.S. data-center cancellations are the most legible leading capex signal. We score both corpora on a rolling 13-week index, log every disclosed cancellation, run the symmetric ledger of Chinese capex, and publish dated predictions on the 13-week-forward delta.
American AI media coverage is normalizing while Chinese AI media coverage stays ascendant — and U.S. AI data-center cancellations are the leading capex signal underneath. Between January 2024 and May 2026, twelve named data-center projects were cancelled, delayed, or scaled back — Microsoft, Meta, AWS, Oracle, OpenAI / Stargate, CoreWeave, Crusoe — pulling back roughly 4.95gigawatts of planned U.S. AI infrastructure. This paper measures both signals on the same scoreboard: sentiment in the English- and Chinese-language press of record, and data-center cancellations as the concrete capex retreat. The pipeline scores articles week by week across the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg, Financial Times, and The Information on the U.S. side, and Caixin, 36Kr, PingWest, and People's Daily on the Chinese side, calibrated against a sixty-article hand-coded set. The current live prediction: the rolling thirteen-week U.S. AI sentiment index will fall by at least 0.05 of a unit over the thirteen weeks from the 6 April 2026 anchor, declining to −0.075 or below by 6 July 2026 (point probability 0.85). Every input is public, every row is sourced, every prediction has a falsification rule and a resolution date, and each prediction will be marked right or wrong when its resolution day arrives.
AI sentiment is asymmetric. Capex is the proof.
In the eighteen months between the November 2022 ChatGPT launch and the May 2024 GPT-4o keynote, U.S. AI media coverage held a rolling sentiment above +0.65. By the 6 April 2026 anchor it prints near zero on the founding seed; on the same scale, Chinese AI media sentiment has climbed from +0.15 to +0.72. The gap between them has compressed by roughly 1.2 sentiment-units in twenty-one months — the largest such move in any twenty-four-month window since the index began. Whether U.S. AI sentiment is correct is not the indicator; the compression itself is.
Three legible events sit inside the move. The DeepSeek-V3 release of 26 December 2024 and DeepSeek-R1 of 20 January 20254 broke the “Chinese AI is two generations behind” frame in mainstream US coverage inside of four weeks. Five weeks later the TD Cowen note on Microsoft's ~2 GW of canceled lease commitments converted a one-firm capability story into a sector-wide infrastructure story.1By September 2025 the Stargate first-tranche slip extended it to the marquee buildout. Each is dated, each is marked on the chart in § V, each is sourced.
In the same window, Chinese AI sentiment moved the other way. The AI+ initiative was formalized in the March 2024 Government Work Report and extended in 2026; Alibaba committed ~USD 53 B in three-year AI+cloud capex on its FY25 Q3 call; ByteDance's 2025 AI capex was reported by the Financial Times at ~USD 20 B3; the East-Data-West-Compute phase-II buildout added another ~USD 12 B in state-direction commitments.2A major Chinese AI capex, fundraise, or model launch has landed every four to eight weeks across 2025 and 2026 H1. The US side, in the same period, has netted roughly five gigawatts of canceled, delayed, and scaled-back data-center capacity at the hyperscaler level — the running total compounds in §II below as the corpus is updated.
When Chinese AI sentiment is rising and US AI sentiment is normalizing, the structural assumption that US frontier labs dominate the next decade becomes contestable in real time. That asymmetric move is the program's leading signal.The remainder of this paper documents the cancellation record (§ II), runs the symmetric capex tracker (§ III), shows the sentiment series (§ IV), pins down the calibration baseline (§ V), logs the live prediction (§ VI), and specifies the methodology (§ VII).
Every disclosed US data-center pullback, every disclosed Chinese capex move, and the rolling sentiment series — on one timeline.
The gap between U.S. and Chinese AI sentiment has compressed by roughly 1.2 sentiment-units across the twenty-four months from the 2024-Q1 anchor (gap of about +0.63) to the 2026-Q2 anchor (gap of about −0.77). Three legible inflections sit inside the move: the DeepSeek-V3 and R1 releases (December 2024 to January 2025), the TD Cowen disclosures on Microsoft lease cancellations (February to March 2025), and the Stargate timeline slip reported in September 2025.
Toggle layers, filter by data-center status or capex category, and hover any dot for the underlying citation. Capacity is rounded to the nearest fifty megawatts. Chinese capex figures are converted at the People's Bank of China central parity on the disclosure date. The Meta 14 May 2025 row was reclassified after release from a data-center scale-back to a capex reshuffle into AI within the same envelope — see the reclassification note. The ten quarterly sentiment points are ordinal seed anchors drawn from a careful reading of the press of record, not LLM-scored from the corpus — the next release swaps these for per-article scores against the calibration set.
| Date | Company | Region | GW | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05 May 2026 | AWS | Virginia (Loudoun) | 0.20 GW | delayed | Loudoun Times-Mirror · May 2026 [reported] |
| 25 Mar 2026 | CoreWeave | US (multi-state) | 0.30 GW | scaled back | CoreWeave Q4 2025 call [reported] |
| 18 Feb 2026 | Meta | Louisiana (Richland) | 0.15 GW | delayed | Meta infra blog · Feb 2026 [reported] |
| 28 Jan 2026 | Microsoft | Wisconsin (Mt Pleasant) | 0.20 GW | scaled back | Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel · Jan 2026 [reported] |
| 09 Dec 2025 | Oracle | US (multi-state) | 0.25 GW | delayed | Oracle Q2 FY26 call [reported] |
| 04 Nov 2025 | Crusoe | Wyoming | 0.20 GW | scaled back | Crusoe customer brief · Nov 2025 [reported] |
| 10 Sep 2025 | OpenAI / Stargate | Abilene, TX | 0.50 GW | delayed | The Information · Sep 2025 [reported] |
| 14 May 2025 | Meta | US (capex reshuffle) | 0.30 GW | scaled back | Meta Q1 2025 call [reclassified — see v0.1.1 changelog] |
| 28 Apr 2025 | AWS | US (multi-state) | 0.50 GW | delayed | Wall Street Journal · Apr 2025 [reported] |
| 03 Apr 2025 | Microsoft | Ohio (Licking County) | 0.35 GW | delayed | Columbus Dispatch · Apr 2025 [reported] |
| 26 Mar 2025 | Microsoft | US + EU | 1.00 GW | canceled | Bloomberg · 26 Mar 2025 [reported] |
| 24 Feb 2025 | Microsoft | US (multi-state) | 1.00 GW | canceled | TD Cowen · 2025-02 [reported] |
| Date | Actor | Amount | Category | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Apr 2026 | Shanghai (Lingang) · AI corridor | $3.0 B | provincial | Lingang FTZ Admin · Apr 2026 |
| 05 Mar 2026 | State Council · 2026 GWR + 15th FYP | — | state capex | 2026 Government Work Report |
| 11 Feb 2026 | Zhipu · GLM-4.5 release | — | model launch | GLM-4.5 model card |
| 14 Jan 2026 | DeepSeek · R2 release | — | model launch | DeepSeek-R2 tech report (arXiv) |
| 12 Nov 2025 | MiniMax · late-stage raise | $0.6 B | fundraise | 36Kr · Nov 2025 |
| 30 Oct 2025 | Hebei Province · AI + DC plan | $4.0 B | provincial | Hebei provincial 14-FYP supp · 2025 |
| 17 Sep 2025 | MOST · East-Data-West-Compute II | $12.0 B | state capex | Xinhua / MOST + MIIT · Sep 2025 |
| 11 Jul 2025 | Moonshot · Kimi K2 release | — | model launch | Kimi K2 model card |
| 14 Apr 2025 | ByteDance · Doubao | $20.0 B | state capex | Financial Times · Apr 2025 [reported] |
| 06 Feb 2025 | Alibaba · Cloud + AI | $53.0 B | state capex | Alibaba FY25 Q3 call |
| 20 Jan 2025 | DeepSeek · R1 release | — | model launch | DeepSeek-R1 tech report (arXiv) |
| 26 Dec 2024 | DeepSeek · V3 release | — | model launch | DeepSeek-V3 tech report (arXiv) |
| 12 Aug 2024 | Zhipu AI · GLM | $0.4 B | fundraise | 36Kr · Aug 2024 |
| 24 May 2024 | Moonshot AI · Kimi | $1.0 B | fundraise | Caixin · May 2024 |
| 05 Mar 2024 | State Council · AI+ initiative | — | state capex | 2024 Government Work Report |
The founding release builds the calibration set: sixty hand-coded articles (thirty U.S., thirty Chinese) spanning six blocks. On the U.S. side: peak bull (2023-Q1 through 2024-Q2), normalization (2024-Q3 through 2025-Q2), and anxiety (2025-Q3 through 2026-Q2). On the Chinese side: slow-build (2023 through 2024), confidence (2025), and ascendant (2026). Each article was hand-scored on the same −1 to +1 scale that the LLM scorer will produce, with a one-sentence justification.
This is the target the lexicon scorer is graded against and that the LLM scorer will be graded against. A subsequent release shipped a bilingual word-list baseline against this set: the lexicon agrees with the human coders within about a quarter of a sentiment-unit on average, with a Pearson correlation of +0.76, and recovers the human three-way bull / neutral / bear call about 72% of the time. The LLM-scored series will overlay the same chart the moment that run fires. Full numbers and chart in the lexicon baseline article.
What the prediction means in concrete terms.The rolling thirteen-week U.S. AI sentiment index is the trailing-thirteen-week confidence-weighted mean of per-article sentiment scores on the New York Times technology desk, the Wall Street Journal AI desk, the Bloomberg AI vertical, the Financial Times San Francisco bureau, and The Information's frontier-model beat. On the 6 April 2026 anchor the seed reads −0.025; the prediction is that the same index, scored on the same five outlets with the same prompt, prints at or below −0.075 on or before 6 July 2026. A 0.05-unit decline over a single quarter would be sharper than every move in the series except the 2025-Q1 quarter that contained the DeepSeek release and the TD Cowen note. The point estimate is 0.85; the 80% credible interval is 0.77 to 0.93. The prior is held at 0.85 by construction to avoid false-precision overconfidence on a seed scorer.
How it gets measured on resolution day.On 6 July 2026 the pipeline ingests every AI / AI-infrastructure-tagged article on the five outlets going back to 6 April 2026, re-scores against the same prompt, and computes the thirteen-week confidence-weighted mean. Resolution is mechanical: if the printed mean is at or below −0.075 the prediction resolves true; otherwise false. The resolved date, the printed mean, and the cited outlet article counts are written back to the public prediction ledger. Subsequent releases will re-score the same window with the LLM scorer and publish both numbers side by side — not as a correction, but as an honest accounting of where the seed agreed or disagreed with the LLM measurement.
Claim. The rolling 13-week US AI sentiment index declines by at least 0.05 over the 13 weeks from the 6 April 2026 anchor.
- TD Cowen / Bloomberg disclosures.Microsoft ~2 GW of canceled lease commitments across Feb–Mar 2025 disclosures; first hyperscaler walk-away of the cycle. Source: TD Cowen 24 Feb 2025, Bloomberg 26 Mar 2025.
- DeepSeek-V3 + R1 capability lift.Open-weights frontier-tier release displaced a year of “two generations behind” framing in mainstream US press inside of four weeks. Source: DeepSeek-V3 + R1 arXiv tech reports.
- Alibaba 3-yr capex commitment. ~USD 53 B in AI+cloud capex over three years, disclosed FY25 Q3 call (6 Feb 2025). Single largest disclosed Chinese AI capex commitment to date and the floor for the sector. Source: Alibaba FY25 Q3 earnings call.
Prediction id 0469ee89… · registered to the public prediction ledger; prior versioned and dated alongside.
Five moving parts. Each is versioned. Each ships.
The pipeline runs the Forward Indicators spine on a single corpus split four ways: U.S. AI media sentiment, Chinese AI media sentiment, U.S. AI data-center disclosures, and Chinese AI capex announcements. The founding release ships a deterministic seed scorer over hand-built anchors; subsequent releases swap the seed for a calibrated LLM scorer over the live corpus.
Sentiment scoring
Per-article LLM scoring with structured-output prompts returns a sentiment score on the −1 to +1 scale and a coverage confidence between 0 and 1. The scorer is anchored to a hand-coded calibration set (sixty articles in the founding release; one hundred and twenty in a later release) labeled across 2024-Q1 through 2026-Q2. The thirteen-week rolling mean is the headline series; the window length follows the standard equity-research convention.
Data-center event tracking
Every cancellation, delay, or scale-back enters as a structured event row with capacity in megawatts (rounded to fifty in the founding release) and a status verb. Quarterly review pulls from hyperscaler earnings transcripts, local utility interconnect filings, TD Cowen and SemiAnalysis sector notes, and major dispatches from Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal, and The Information.
Capex tracking
Symmetric on the Chinese side: each row carries a category (model launch, fundraise, state-led capex, provincial program, or talent), an actor, a U.S.-dollar figure, and a primary source. Sources: Caixin, 36Kr, Xinhua, releases from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the published 14th- and 15th-Five-Year-Plan fascicles, cross-referenced with Brief II.
Baselines
Three baselines ship alongside the LLM model: a last-observed-value baseline (the thirteen-weeks-ago reading), a random walk, and a feature-only logistic regression over the six founding features. The headline metric is the Brier score relative to baseline — a calibration score where lower is better; calibration-curve reliability is the secondary metric.
Metrics
Brier score, Brier lift over baseline, calibration-curve reliability, and coverage of the 80% credible interval. A later release will ship a held-out evaluation against the expanded calibration set and a ten-fold cross-validation report.
What exists, what it doesn't do, and where this program slots in.
| Source | Output | Public | Both sides | Cadence | Scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD Cowen | Buy-side capex notes | No (paywall) | DC capex only | Lease cancellations only | No |
| SemiAnalysis | Subscriber dispatches | Partial | DC capacity + chips | Quarterly | No |
| ChinaTalk | Newsletter + podcast | Yes | China policy | Episodic | No |
| Stratechery | Subscriber analysis | Paywall | Tech strategy | Weekly | No |
| Forward Indicators — V | Sentiment + DC-cancel index | Yes | Both sides quantified | Quarterly + dated | Yes — Brier-scored |
TD Cowen and SemiAnalysis cover the DC capex side; ChinaTalk and Stratechery cover the strategy / policy side. None publishes a symmetric, dated, scored index of both. Compiled May 2026.
The slot Forward Indicators occupies. The four programs above are excellent on their respective sides; none runs the symmetric, dated, publicly-scored index that this program ships. Forward Indicators V is bidirectional (US DC cancellations and Chinese capex on the same scoreboard), public (no paywall, every row sourced to a press-of-record dispatch or primary disclosure), and scored (Brier-graded predictions logged with falsification criteria before the resolution date).
What we will and will not publish.
Public sources only. Every data-center event and every capex announcement on the published scoreboard resolves to a hyperscaler earnings transcript, a local interconnect filing, a press-of-record dispatch (TD Cowen, Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal, the Financial Times, The Information, Caixin, 36Kr), or a published model card or arXiv tech report.
Capacity rounded to fifty megawatts. Every data-center capacity figure is rounded to the nearest fifty megawatts. Triangulating across multiple overlapping press accounts of the same lease portfolio would otherwise introduce false precision.
Reported versus confirmed.Rows resting on secondary financial-press reporting rather than primary disclosure are flagged as reported — not confirmed — and do not carry full weight in the composite score.
No fabrication. The TD Cowen roughly two-gigawatt Microsoft headline is the founding citation; it is reported across multiple outlets but is not yet tied to a primary Microsoft disclosure. We do not infer additional capacity figures. The corpus is the source of truth.
Score cap. The composite confidence is held at 0.85 by construction to avoid false-precision overconfidence on the seed scorer.
Three things this program will not do.First, no fabricated sentiment scores: the founding release publishes ordinal seed anchors drawn from a careful reading of the press of record, marked as seed throughout, and subsequent releases publish LLM-scored values with the prompt, model name, and corpus snapshot logged alongside. Second, every U.S. data-center event on the scoreboard resolves to a primary disclosure or a press-of-record dispatch — if a row can't be traced, it does not ship. Third, no claims about non-disclosed Chinese capex: we publish what Caixin, 36Kr, Xinhua, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and provincial governments have themselves disclosed; we do not infer figures, do not extrapolate from rumor channels, and do not run satellite or shipping inferences as headline numbers.
What we don't yet know — and what we need to find out.
Owned vs leased capex mix
Hyperscalers are walking away from third-party-developer leases while continuing to build owned sites. Without this split the cancellation ledger overstates the capex retraction. Next-version priority.
TD Cowen note precision
The founding citation for the 2025-Q1 Microsoft thesis has not been fully tied to a primary lease-portfolio disclosure. We need the exact note dates, the exact MW figures, and a cross-check against Microsoft's own commentary on the 30 April 2025 fiscal-Q3 call.
Provincial Chinese capex coverage
Only Hebei and Shanghai-Lingang are in the founding seed. Guizhou, Gansu, Ningxia, and the other regional hubs under the 14th Five-Year Plan are all undercovered. Next-release priority.
State media vs market signal
People's Daily and Xinhua carry a different sentiment signal than Caixin or 36Kr — closer to a state-policy posture than a market signal. Subsequent versions should treat state media as a separate posture series, distinct from the market sentiment series.
Calibration set size
The sixty-article hand-coded calibration set is small relative to the corpus. A later release should expand it past five hundred and run a held-out calibration-curve reliability plot as the headline scoring chart.
Cross-project integration
The sentiment gap and the data-center cancellation rate interact with Brief IV's Western premium calculation. Brief V should publish a cross-reference table with Brief IV in a later release.
Forward Indicators (2026). “AI Sentiment & Infrastructure Tracker, v0.” Forward Indicators Working Paper No. V-01.
DOI: 10.xxxx/fi.wp.v.01 · pending registration
Notes
- TD Cowen Equity Research, “Hyperscaler Capex — Microsoft Lease Cancellation Update,” 24 February 2025 (institutional client note; figures synthesized in subsequent Information / Bloomberg dispatches). Bloomberg, “Microsoft Walks Away From Some Data Center Leases, TD Cowen Says,” 26 March 2025. The combined ~2 GW Microsoft figure is the founding citation for the Q1 2025 inflection in this index.
- Alibaba Group, FY2025 Q3 earnings call transcript, 6 February 2025. CEO Eddie Wu disclosed a three-year capex commitment of “more than the past decade combined” for cloud and AI infrastructure; the CNY 380 B headline at PBOC central parity converts to approximately USD 53 B over three years. Single largest disclosed Chinese AI capex commitment to date.
- Financial Times, “ByteDance plans $20bn AI spending splurge in 2025,” 14 April 2025. Reported figure of approximately RMB 150 B for 2025 AI capex. ByteDance declined to confirm specific figures; row tagged [reported] in the seed.
- DeepSeek-AI, “DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning,” arXiv preprint 2501.12948, 20 January 2025. MMLU 90.8 post-RL, GSM8K 95.1, AIME 2024 79.8 as reported in Tables 4–5. The release is the single event most cited by US press of record as having broken the “Chinese AI two generations behind” frame.